A steep scramble up the side of a quarry. A deep water crossing - with snorkel! Vertical drops, gullies, ditches, bogs. An off road course in
Cumbria will equip you with the skills and know-how to cope with some truly formidable obstacles.
Besides excitement in bucketloads, there's the shear satisfaction of learning how to handle a serious 4x4 like a Land Rover 110, a Defender or
a Vauxhall Frontera the way it's really meant to be used. Instruction will include recovery techniques and 'tread-lightly' methods for minimum
environmental impact.
Specialist driving centres cater for everyone from complete novices to people wanting to put their own vehicles
through their paces. Courses are conducted on a wide variety of designated terrain, from muddy slopes to woodland trails.
Four-wheel drive, 4WD, 4x4 ("four by four"), all-wheel drive, and AWD are terms used to describe a four-wheeled vehicle
with a drivetrain that allows all four wheels to receive power from the
engine simultaneously. While many people think exclusively of off-road vehicles, powering all four wheels provides better control on slick ice and is an important part
of rally racing on mostly-paved roads.
Four-wheel drive (4WD or 4x4 for short) was the original term, often used to describe truck-like vehicles that required the driver to manually switch between a two wheel drive mode for streets
and a four-wheel drive mode for low traction conditions such as ice, mud, or loose
gravel. The AWD term is just a marketing term used to sell primarily on-road 4WD vehicles. However in Australia, AWD is generally used for
passenger vehicles that drive all four wheels all the time, eg a Subaru. Where as 4WD is used for vehicles designed primarily for heavy off
road use, normally with a low range transfer case, eg Toyota Landcruiser. The terms are thus quite vague in modern usage.
The buyer must be wary. It is common for identical drivetrain systems to be marketed under different names
for upmarket and downmarket branding, and also common for very different drivetrain systems to be marketed under the same name for brand
uniformity. For example, Quattro, 4matic
and 4motion can mean either an automatically engaging system with
a Haldex clutch or a continuously operating system with a Torsen differential.